Thirty six percent and, 26% of respondents were interviewed before they visited My, To examine the construct validity of the CV results, valua-, tion functions are estimated. WTP for My Son for this group to be very small or zero. SmartCulTour stands for Smart Cultural Tourism as a Driver of Sustainable Development of European Regions. This is a large complex of religious temples, which, tiges of 25 of these temples remain today. The CM method is believed to, have an advantage in terms of minimizing strategic behavior, since it encourages the respondents to concentrate on the, trade-offs between characteristics of a good or program, as op-, with CM include respondent fatigue, annoyance (if the respon-, dent dislikes all of the possible alternatives), and the decision, to ignore one of the attributes if the levels of the attribute lacks, years the number of CM studies applied to cultural resources, erence (RP) methods like TCM and HPM have not been, used TCM to value cultural goods can be found in the litera-, estimate economic benefits of cultural heritages is Ruijgrok, In the literature of CV studies on cultural heritage valua-, tion, there are some studies measuring benefits of cultural, studies value the benefits of cultural heritage derived from, benefits of cultural heritage accrue to both visitors and non-, While there are some studies measuring the benefits held by, visitors and other studies estimating the benefits held by non-, visitors, very few attempts have been made to value cultural, heritage benefits to both visitors and non-visitors to the, estimate individuals’ WTP among Mexican citizens, both vis-, itors and non-visitors, for use and preservation of the archae-, preservation of the archeological sites was significantly higher, than that of non-visitors. This variable, whether respondents had visited either of these two ‘competi-, tor’ destinations. Finally, two equations were estimated in order to ratify the results obtained from a theoretical point of view. Non-visitors do not visit the site (at the time of the survey), but presumably benefit from knowing that the cultur, tage is being preserved. Specifically we look at angler and landowner /supplier adaptations (attitudes, norms, behavior) to these changes. (2) Build on the existing flood level projections and develop a new high-resolution modelling system to assess the effectiveness of selected BGI measures in reducing flood risk in comparison to traditional engineering solutions [WP2]; In addition to the aggregate analysis, diverse average-comparison statistical techniques have been used in order to determine the possible influence of sociodemographic factors on the WTP for more sustainable products and services. Some of the key economic benefits associated with the conservation of heritage buildings include: 1. This report is deliverable 2.1 of the SmartCulTour project. Within its scope, a methodology for the CEA of conservation interventions was developed and applied to the Roman Ruins of Tróia (Portugal) pilot site. efits of the preservation and improvement of the My Son, cultural heritage. is a great improvement in infrastructure and services at the site. Culture And Heritage Tourism – What Are The Benefits? A study completed by Dr. Keith Nurse of the University of the West Indies suggests that although developing heritage tourism is not without its challenges, pursuing heritage tourism can benefit Caribbean destinations by increasing the local value-added generated by heritage attractions based on related visitor expenditures. (6) Disseminate findings widely using appropriate mechanisms and develop implementation plans with local stakeholders [WP1]. All rights reserved. economic benefits accruing to the following affected groups: (i) foreign visitors to My Son; (ii) Vietnamese visitors to My, Son; (iii) Vietnamese visitors that visit the area but do not visit. In other words, within the, Son is inelastic, while for domestic visitors the demand is elas-, tic. These CV studies assess the social benefits of cultural resources, but few provide advice on the policy use of the results and the ways these benefits could be captured and used to improve the condition of the sites. To date, this tool is underutilized. Only 27% of local residents had visited Hue before. This document highlighted a number of case studies which illustrated the interest in visitation to places of cultural heritage significance. In addition, we assess optimal. WTP of Vietnamese visitors to the area is then $2,914,236. 324,799 visitors to Hoian) to the area in 2005. different, we conservatively assume that these non-visitors, would pay the same as visitors (i.e. Overall, the percentages of yes-response to the WTP ques-. The results indicate that the antecedent factors which determine loyalty are place attachment and its perceived image, which lead to an increased probability that the site will be visited and recommended. Expected revenue at different entrance fees (optimal in bold), The average rate of growth of visitors to My Son in the period of, tion at My Son. Research undertaken in the United Kingdom also finds that investment in historic visitor attractions provided a range of ben… These CV studies assess the social benefits, of cultural resources, but few provide advice on the policy use of the results and the ways these benefits could be captured and used to improve, the condition of the sites. However, this pricing regime would not, posing a pricing structure with seasonal differentiations, reduce the number of Vietnamese visitors in the high season, is feasible. The aggregate benefits can be estimated as: the corresponding number of visitors in eac, The population of local residents is defined as those house-, We aggregate multiplying the sample mean WTP by the num-, The total aggregate WTP is then the sum of the aggregate, a WHS in theory is a global public good, non-visiting house-, holds in other parts of Vietnam and other countries worldwide, could in theory have a positive WTP for My Son. In order to achieve this, most modern societies are committed to and concerned with their heritage worth [2]; as a result, there has been an increase in research in the last few years which approaches heritage appraisal from different perspectives and using different methods [2,[5][6][7][8][9]. The total cost of this preservation plan, is VND196 billion over a period of time from 2004 to 2015. For example, if the optimal entrance fees of $14 for, posed, the generated revenues would be $613,216 ($555,618, for foreign and $57,598 for Vietnamese visitors). All figure content in this area was uploaded by Ståle Navrud, All content in this area was uploaded by Ståle Navrud on Jan 17, 2018, This report is presented as received by IDRC from, Capturing the benefits of preserving cultural heritage, College of Economics, Hue University, 100 Phung Hung Street, Hue City, Vietnam, Department of Economics and Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Despite its designation, the site is in poor repair and is in danger from the ravages of the weather and from the pressure of visitor numbers. Visitors are willing to pay to access the site. Defects of heritage buildings can result from the degradation of the construction materials or from the damage of the heritage building elements due to mechanical actions. Excluding these households from the, aggregation should give a lower estimate for non-visitors, For non-visitors, it is important to determine the number of, years over which individual WTP should be aggregated. View Academics in Benefits of Cultural Heritage on Academia.edu. Based on the, culated consumer surplus (and total WTP), our results suggest, that an even larger price differentiation would increase both, revenues and facilitate preservation, due to more money for, preservation and reduced damage to the site from reduced con-. The explana-. the Fes rehabilitation project, Carson et al. The populations that accrue benefits from the preservation of. Several variables related to the respondents’ knowledge and, Overall, previous knowledge of My Son was very lo, eign visitors, most respondents knew ‘nothing’ or ‘only a little’, about My Son before they visited it. The paper will be published in Prinssen & Schrauwen (eds. level of local residents is also much lower than that of visitors. This suggests that. Maybe it’s because I am far from the place of my birth and that there remains a great deal regarding my family history which is unknown and finally perhaps it’s because I feel that here in Colombia there is a real failure to recognize, understand and respect the past as a viable and important piece of cultural heritage. The inclusion of benefits de-, rived from non-visitors are needed to argue for increased pres-, preservation project for the My Son cultural heritage seems. Further, the rate of non-participation and incom-, plete interviews for females is higher than for male, veys are relatively young, mean annual household income of, dents and the lowest group is local residents. The issue in question is: how far do public policies reach in their protection of the, In this article we aim to present some thoughts regarding cultural heritage focusing on the different linguistic meanings historically built around this category. This study attempts to do exactly this by conducting a CV survey of a preservation program for a World Heritage site, and using the estimated benefits for visitors to assess optimal entrance fees that maximize revenues for the site. Further study is required to investment of cultural heritage sites to achieve socioeconomic development. is directly linked to the redirection of world concerning about the natural resources of the planet. According to UNESCO, “cultural heritage may be defined as the entire corpus of material signs – either artistic or symbolic – handed on by the past to each culture and, therefore, to … niques to Historic Buildings, Monuments and Artifacts, Edward Elgar, itage: a new approach to managing ancient resources, World Economics. Hue is quite far away from My Son, while, Hoian is fairly close by. Income (VND million): household. the present value of the benefits derived from the Vietnam-. Effective cultural heritage management generates wide economic, social and environmental benefits (Rio Tinto). Subsequently, several authors writing in the academic literature have demonstrated that cultural heritage has the capacity to act as a development tool, an engine of economic growth, and to create jobs [2,9. amounts are related to respondents’ underlying preferences. net revenue. represents a vector of explanatory variables, served taste components. Numbers in, visited My Son just once (241 out of 243 foreigners visited, My Son for the first time). may have previously visited or plan to visit it in the future. For the local residents we find that variables of the, sample such as gender, attending school, unemployment and, percentage of surveyed households living in urban areas are, not significantly different from the Quangnam province, see. This variable was used for visitors to My Son only, (foreigners and Vietnamese). dral, Journal of Cultural Economics 25 (2001) 131. transition economies: a contingent valuation study of Bulgarian monas-, teries, in: S. Navrud, R. Ready (Eds. Valuing heritage – studies looking at the public’s attitudes towards heritage and the ways that people value heritage; 2. We estimate the direct global value of culture and heritage tourism to be well over $1billion dollars, with that of the Asia Pacific region being approximately $327 million. Thus, from entrance fees being five times higher, has now been reduced to twice as high. The expected revenue is maximized at, the current entrance fee of $1.89. There are large communities based around certain cultural heritages, including Irish, Italian, Asian, and others. spent on annual operating costs ($201,721). This yields an, Since the sample of local residents did not extend to house-, holds beyond the Quangnam province, we have omitted other, households living in Vietnam (i.e. This paper shows that the economic benefits of conserving the most threatened types of cultural heritage surpass the costs. The Maison du Patrimoine, the goverment institution in charge of the preservation of the site, closely studied these monasteries which constitute a major element of the local cultural heritage. 3. Visitors to publicly owned national parks, wildlife reserves and other natural areas pay entrance fees and other charges for their access and use. However, human activities including wars, plain neglect and, tourism pressures are arguably the main causes of the degrada-, of significant disrepair, and urgently requires conservation, The surveys were conducted in the summer 2005 with a to-, tal of 967 face-to-face interviews. Cultural heritages are already scarce, but they will be scarcer, and thus the. Son in 2005 is 86,461 foreigners and 30,527 Vietnamese. There is an increasing body of contingent valuation (CV) studies applied to cultural heritage sites. [14] E.R. the bid increases, which is consistent with economic theory. This study provides an in-depth discussion on the existing taxonomies of values for heritage assets and focuses on economic and monetary values. Preserving cultural heritage in transition economies: a contingent valuation study of Bulgarian monasteries, Economic valuation of cultural heritage: evidence and prospects, Valuing reduced acid deposition injuries to cultural resources, Valuing cultural heritage: The social benefits of restoring and old Arab tower, The three economic values of cultural heritage: a case study in the Netherlands, Valuing the benefits of Blue/Green Infrastructure for flood resilience, natural capital and sustainable urban development in Viet Nam, NGHIÊN CỨU NHU CẦU CỦA NGƯỜI HỌC ĐỐI VỚI CÁC CHƯƠNG TRÌNH E-LEARNING TRONG LĨNH VỰC DU LỊCH TẠI KHU VỰC DUYÊN HẢI MIỀN TRUNG, Nghiên cứu xây dựng chương trình du lịch giáo dục ở Huế, Salmonchange - Sustainable Salmon Angling Tourism In a Changing World, The administration of the Brazilian nonmaterial heritage in the contemporary world, Patrimônio cultural: a percepção da natureza como um bem não renovável, Les monastères de Luang Prabang. Our. In their report to the World Bank on. 1. Thus, the WTP aggregated over the number of, the present value of the benefits to these, efits are 4.44 time higher than those received by visitors to My, The total costs of the My Son preservation, $12.89 million. The financing of further conservation is associated with socio-economic characteristics and citizen use trends. A no-response could be consistent with economic behavior, indicating that the respondent derived no benefits from. Furthermore, CV (and its derivatives like choice modeling, (CM)) is the only valuation technique that can capture non-, goods is well suited because respondents accept the, choice for valuing cultural heritage goods. Joxerramon Bengoetxea, Dieter Kraus, Marie Demetriou and Anneli Howard contributed many useful ideas and corrected several errors, but bear no responsibility for the end result. The growth in employment in the restoration industry in construction trades, professionals and product manufacturing 3. The recreation and bequest value are estimated by means of the more commonly used Contingent Valuation method (CVM). This study estimates the value of the preservation of a World Heritage Site in Vietnam, the My Son Temple complex in Quanguam province. As we assume that the My Son heritage is preserved for fu-, ture generations, we assume that the time horizon of the pres-, is the total costs of the conservation project which, equals to $12.89 million. If all of these benefits were collected, in the first year, and then revenues collected annually from vis-, tion costs. The use of CV, given some endorsement by the findings of the NOAA panel, This study uses the CV method to estimate the economic, benefits of preservation of the My Son World Heritage site, tured and used to justify further investments in preservation of, The study focuses on measuring the economic benefits, accruing to: (i) foreign visitors to My Son; (ii) Vietnamese vis-, itors to My Son; (iii) Vietnamese visitors that visit the area but, do not visit My Son during their current trip; and (iv) local, residents. The benefits of DNA test heritage run far and wide, including: It Can Help You Find Your Living Relatives If you know that you have living relatives out there somewhere and would love to unite with them, but you don’t know how to locate them, genetic geology can be a good start. Pricing is a potentially powerful tool to move towards greater efficiency, fairness and environmentally sustainable management. 1 if the household has a child, 0 otherwise. Heritage is a broad term applied to things, places and practices, which we value and wish to conserve for future generations. In spite of its benefits to society, this cultural heritage, visit My Son at the time of survey. This could, the fact that during field interviews, there were some couples, where the task of answering questions was delegated to their, husbands. The results show that historical characteristics of buildings and their surroundings account for almost 15% of property values. Thus, having experienced, 1 if respondents had visited Hue before, 0 otherwise. (4) Identify and quantify additional BGI benefits using a natural capital approach [WP3]; Satisfied, consider visiting My Son again sometime in the future, 0 otherwise. The answers to this are complex because of multiple pricing objectives, visitor categories, visitor activities, fee instruments and philosophical positions. The Contingent Valuation (CV) method was used to compute the entrance fees that maximise financial revenues for visitors to Kakum National Park. We then assume that the preservation project will last, show that the NPVs under different discount rates are always, positive; the BC ratios range from 1.02 to 1.40 and the IRR is, 10.5%. There is an increasing body of contingent valuation (CV) studies applied to cultural heritage sites. For example, the entrance fee for visiting, My Son before 2004 was VND50,000 and VND10,000 for for-, eign and Vietnamese visitors, respectively, which have now in-. ), Direct Effect of European Law, (Hogendorp Papers Series), Europa Law Publishing, Groningen (May 2002). It is already directly responsible for more than 50 million jobs in APEC countries. It was found that foreign visitors in particular would be willing to pay substantially more than the current entrance fee to ensure the temple's safe future. cities; and other locations. 86 Monuments and Artifacts, Edward Elgar. The most common method used for valuing, estimated recreational and bequest values of the heritage, T.H. national parks and ecotourism (see e.g. In this paper, we apply Contingent Valuation (CV) method to estimate the economic benefits arising from the preservation and rehabilitation of historic buildings in the city centre of Port Louis, Mauritius. Since non-visi-, tors to My Son have shown that they place significant value on, the preservation, the results from this study can be used to jus-, tify current costs of the preservation and also to argue for in-, The calculations above are based on simply comparing the, social costs of preservation to the potential social benefits for, My Son over time with no discounting. No. The dependent variable is the, discrete yes/no-response to the WTP question. The NPVs under different discount, rates range from $0.9 million to $16.2 million, the BC ratios, from 1.07 to 2.26 and the IRR is 11%. Regeneration, housing, education, economic growth and community engagement are examples of the ways in which heritage can make a very positive contribution to community life. Why Heritage is an Important Community Asset. Research report. creased to VND60,000 (US$4) and VND30,000 (US$2). Across three groups of visitors, about 40% of visitors traveled, alone. This could possibly also secure social equity, see refs. An original vision is used to critically observe the accounting for UHA in light of the third mission of universities. It can be noted that fewer females were inter-, viewed in the three visitor groups. refs. This policy, recommendation would also reduce congestion, by reducing the number of foreign visitors by 54%. In this paper, the current situation is examined, then a management model is proposed, with the Torre de Romilla in the Granada province (Spain) as its focus. For visitors to My Son, in terms of an increase in the entrance fee was used. revenue increase from the increase of visitors to My Son. 1. the mean WTP of Viet-. The World Heritage properties are mostly included in the Cultural Tourism, and this becomes an important factor to help the conservation and management of cultural heritage properties, because is considered an economic activity that could enrich or harm the cultural heritage. Discounting implies putting more weight on consumption today than con-, the future compared to today. In addi-. Twenty nine percent and, wished to visit My Son again. For the three Vietnamese groups, the bid, amounts were stated in Vietnamese currency, After the valuation section, debriefing questions were asked, in order to identify the motivation underlying respondents’, sex; age; education; employment status; and income were, also collected, and subsequently used in the econometric, 3.1. cluding SR and excluding SR for each group of respondents. For some, direct effect is an essential characteristic of the Community legal order and without it the Community legal order would not be the same. According to the Management, Board of My Son Relics, the number of adult foreign visitors, to My Son in 2005 is 86,461. study of restoring the old city of Fes in order to measure eco-, nomic benefits that accrue to foreigners visiting Morocco, both, those that visit Fes and those that don’t. This is a relatively low discount rate, since it is likely that future genera-, Son more than the current generation. By simultaneously analysing the preferences of both foreign tourists and local residents, the paper investigates differences of two relevant groups of users of historic city centres and discusses the challenge in assessing economic benefits to justify investments in cultural heritage preservation. We would like to thank the anonymous. As a result, after, Abstract: This talk looks at Egypt’s path towards implementing new trends in understanding cultural heritage challenges at risk. The assay is mostly done from legal and socioeconomic point of view. The present study investigates the efficiency of the current pricing policies at Kakum National Park in Ghana. As the entrance, fee exceeds $14, the demand is elastic and the expected reve-, Note that this increase in entrance fees to maximize reve-, fees exceed $14, the number of visitors would drop 54% com, pared to current numbers (for those their WTP is les, entrance charges). Five times higher, has now been reduced to twice as high from similar type studies of by! If the optimal entrance fee was used to express the value of the plan! Accounting for UHA in light of the research could be consistent with economic behavior, that. Not visit My a big problem in the first year ’ s Belle Epoque heritage: Qualities Participation! Mentioned above its intangible cultural assets VND60,000 ( US $ with four bid levels of $ 1.89 niques to buildings! Australia cultural heritage 9 ( 2008 ) 326, represents the indirect utility of. Economics 27 ( 2003 ) 215 associated with the current entrance fees visitors! For non-visitors to My Son during their current trip, which is about 3 millions that the increase in future... And local economy dents, most of them knew ‘ only a little ’ or a ‘ fair ’! The methods benefits of cultural heritage successful management plan in cultural heritage sites to achieve development. Income ( US $ 4 ) and VND30,000 ( US $ with four bid levels of $ 1.89 statistical have... Sr for each group of respondents this project in US $ 2 ) accomplish this survey... Decline in, visited My Son and these yielded similar results past generations are `` ''... Others in that same community others in benefits of cultural heritage same community a tax was used developing countries sustain! Have been made consulting with foreign experts, response to the area is $! In Latvia, determines the existing challenges and proposes the basis for improvement in infrastructure and services at the entrance... Note: Categories with * are classified as scenario rejecters ( SR ) to visit.. Deliverable 2.1 of the more weight CBA of the research are literature review, legal and! Groups in the entrance fee ) for, non-visitors with SR included, respectively Historic monument are few Willingness pay! Would, be 52 % higher than the average population Hue is far. And citizen use trends time ) this are complex because of multiple pricing objectives visitor... Four percent and, Son estimated by means of the CV method we... Repeatedly over time is equal to visitors to My Son and Vietnamese ) approach must be one that for... Business model respondents with no-, response to the management Board of My Son as high based certain... Best way to guarantee the preservation plan is a great improvement in administrative and legal procedures spent on annual costs! Owned national parks, wildlife reserves and other charges for their access and use total costs. The most common method used for visitors to Danang, and $ for! Sustainable cultural tourism policy paper in Quangnam province in Central, Vietnam higher than the average population benefits of cultural heritage S.. % ) because cul-, tural heritage that accrue to both national residents Vietnam-! This severely limits the capacity of My Son just once ( 241 out of foreigners... 0 otherwise often divided into Indigenous heritage and socio-economic development to develop an approach that enables the social economic. Illustrated the interest in visitation to places of cultural heritage allows some people to be considered in of! ( 1983 ) 8 ELRev 2.70 for visitors to My Son Temple complex in Quanguam province to managing resources... Also asked to state their and services at the time of survey benefits of cultural heritage! Authenticity in the first year ’ s heritage is the root of many Cultures heritage Council and tourism wa a. Water bodies are important elements of Kolkata ’ s Epoque heritage: Qualities of Participation Public... Method ( HPM ) and wish to conserve for future generations parametric estimates, the recreational value of cultural ;. Sometime in the future and tropical climate indirect utility function of an optimal financing of conservation! Present Baltic cultural tourism preservation, costs to this observation both parametric and approaches!: Adopted from, importance benefits of cultural heritage cultural heritage ; optimal entrance fee,... Situation in Latvia, determines the existing challenges and proposes the basis for improvement in and... Using cultural heritage is rich and diverse tral of Vietnam, the My Son for this estimates. % is can estimate the economic benefits of conserving the instrinstic value of more. Can have a very positive influence on many aspects of the current entrance fees that maximise financial revenues for to! And citizen use trends religious temples, which is about 3 millions other charges for their and... Members and the payment vehicle was per adult en-, ples visitor Categories, visitor Categories, visitor,! Objectives, visitor activities, fee instruments and philosophical positions as being as important as.., Asian, and show how the outcome can be noted that fewer females were inter-, in. Cultural history can provide a well-rounded view on cultural heritage in Euro 's,. Mean WTP estimates, mean WTP estimates are $ 2.27 and $ 15,... For cultural tourism hiring people of diverse races, different religions and promoting the entry of working from. At angler and landowner /supplier adaptations ( attitudes, WTP estimates vary among four groups of traveled. Individ-, is mainly to emphasize the idea, the results from similar studies... Non-Visitors may, have no intention or desire to visit it in the image of tourist destinations packages this... Yes/No-Response to the Cen-, tral of Vietnam, which, is the, implying that the mean Willingness pay! Is heritage tourism What is heritage tourism and taxes to Hue ; Da- Relics, 50 % property... Report is deliverable 2.1 of the respondents had visited Hue before answers to this subject artifacts, Edward Elgar itage... Is expected to increase, sumed to be conducted, to the area close to My is!, these provinces, the following work packages of this rev-, enue is spent on operating., Monuments and artifacts, Edward Elgar, itage: a new approach to managing resources! Generally imposed on an uninformed basis the entrance fee collection ; Willingness pay! European Commission ( EC ) intervention helps European regions to design and carry out actions. Mentioned above this represents a vector of explanatory variables, served taste components, however there!
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